说话人A 00:01 很早的，我我不管在高中还是大学，现在都是第一波就第一波，然后然后然后就好。 说话人A 00:07 我本来应该不会感染的，但是我朋友他们被感染，传染到我。 说话人B 00:11 身上。 说话人B 00:12 其实是你熬夜看番看多。 说话人A 00:14 了，免疫力下降。 说话人A 00:15 原来是这个原。 说话人A 02:13 a lot of different options that draw from the structural functionalist perspective but each of these options are slightly different and so we're going to look at them in just a minute one of them is role strain does anyone remember role strain from social structures and social statuses what about role conflict i see you've been paying attention here does anyone want to take a shot at answering what role conflict is 说话人A 02:49 they ended up actually feeling like they were taking on the world themselves so the guards act like 说话人A 03:03 a great example we're thinking back to the Stanford prison experiment where we have volunteers who played guards and volunteers who played prisoners so the people who were playing guards what they experienced was role conforming where they're essentially conforming to the roles that they've been assigned to but there's a point at which they would probably experience role conflict so you are a college student who is playing a guard but now you're starting to act in ways that go against what you have learned in classes or starting to interfere with duties as say a。 说话人A 03:35 boyfriend as say a son you might be going home and acting in similar ways that you did to prisoners 说话人A 03:42 and that would be considered role conflict where we have multiple roles depending on the different circumstances that we're in and sometimes the expectations for our behavior across these roles really are different 说话人A 03:56 role strain is what happens when we are unable to match the statuses expected of us and what we are actually able to do 说话人A 04:04 in case of deviance we can argue that the result of anomie is a match is really engaging in deviance 说话人A 04:11 there's two ways here one is cultural goals and institutional means essentially do you agree with what the culture defines as being a nondeviant 说话人A 04:22 successful as well as do you actually have the means to achieve the cultural goals so we have a few different ways to do this one is conformity so if you are conforming to the cultural goals and you also have access to institutional means you might end up getting a middle class job you avoid pulling the wrong side of the law you go to college you go through a job application purposes and so on and so forth then here's innovation so this is a form of obedience 说话人A 04:52 do you agree with the cultural goals in our society of valuing someone who is rich the richer you are the better it is that being said you might not have access to the institutional means to gain a college education to gain a middle class job and so you become a drug dealer you are still adhering to the norm of being rich and powerful except you're doing it in a way that may be considered deviant 说话人A 05:19 ritualism is where someone actually has access to institutional means so they have these resources that they can draw on but they don't agree with the cultural goals 说话人A 05:28 goals 说话人A 05:29 so say someone who says i don't care about becoming rich i don't agree with that cultural value in fact i don't even like capitalism that being said i don't want to break the law so this person becomes a low offender who is not necessarily very well paid but also is not committing like certain vices 说话人A 05:49 retreatism is when we have someone who does not agree with the cultural goals but also does not have access to institutional means so they don't necessarily have the motivation to go ahead and become successful in one way or another where do they have access to or are they using 说话人A 06:09 institutional methods to become financially successful so that might include the most classic example is a hippie or a different example that we might think of is maybe it's like a stoner who doesn't hold a job and is living in his mom's basement those are the classic cultural examples 说话人A 06:31 rebellion 说话人A 06:32 so this is where you may or may not have the similar alignments to the people 说话人A 06:41 deciding is that i'm just going to burn the social state down that might make someone a revolutionary so we have this matrix here depending on whether you have access to political goals institutional means and whether you agree with these things and whether or not you're utilizing them of course there are some problems with this theory one of the ways that we have looked at this is opportunity theory so this is an outshoot of strain theory 说话人A 07:23 手机忘关声音了，感觉在放歌。 说话人A 07:44 these things are kind of considered sort of the genealogy that you see 说话人A 07:48 嗯，我一直听到声音。 说话人A 07:50 almost like。 说话人A 07:51 我一直听到声音。 说话人A 07:56 this particular was proposed by Robert Merchant this person may sound familiar because we have encountered his theories before we are going to continue encountering him later on because he was one of the most prolific american 说话人A 08:08 so opportunity theory is an offshoot of anomie theory as well as strain theory and it really looks at thinking back to cultural values and institutional means here what we're thinking about is whether or not you have access to mainstream institutions so whether or not you're on the right side of the law whether or not you have access to education healthcare jobs so on and so forth what we don't think about necessarily in the previous framework of strain theory is whether or not you have access to crime so what this would argue is that。 说话人A 08:39 not everyone has 说话人A 08:50 same access to institutional means this aligns with strain theory but opportunity theory further argues that not everyone also has equal access to criminality 说话人A 09:29 illegitimate means otherwise access or exposure to criminal behavior someone who lives in a neighborhood with a lot of drug dealers they'll probably have an easier time breaking into the drug dealer market compared to someone who lives in a neighborhood with like a very low crime rate so who actually has access to joining a criminal organization who actually has access to maybe getting your hands on drugs on guns and so on and so forth but what opportunity theory is often criticized for really over simplifying urban cultures so what it's essentially saying is that。 说话人A 09:33 young people in cities predominantly young men 说话人A 10:04 they are committing crime because they have access to crime and where as long as you do not have access to institutional means you're automatically gonna be considered a criminal and so this reinforces some very harmful stereotypes also it's just completely ignoring the fact that there are women who also live in cities who do not necessarily engage in violent crime at the same rates another thing is white collar crime if opportunity theory explains what we would consider to be like street crimes such as like robberies murders shootings and so on and so。 说话人A 10:04 forth 说话人A 10:42 what about white collar crimes so people who are embezzling large amounts of money in their fancy jobs how do we explain opportunity theory for them so there's limitations to all these approaches another thing to consider is sometimes we don't necessarily agree on what is deviant so as c Wright mills who we may remember from the sociological imagination he would argue that the elites are the ones who decide what is considered deviant in a society the rules that we have are designed to benefit those in charge so the elites tend。 说话人A 10:43 to assume that their interests 说话人A 10:45 are also the interests of everyone else in society so for example tax cuts for the wealthy assume that because it benefits them it also benefits the rest of society trickle down economics and so on and so forth deregulating environmental protections deregulating food industry etc etc this example here was actually from a新京报 article but it was looking at this might be a while back for you guys but thinking about like Obama at one point there was a time when he used a drone he ordered the bombing of a wedding basically in gaza。 说话人A 11:21 so they had received bad intel or as some people would argue 说话人A 11:25 so it was bad but they acted on it anyways and they ended up killing fifty six innocent wedding goals and so after that Obama definitely released a statement about what was a very controversial act the killing of civilians who were getting married at the time and he essentially argued that he can't afford to look soft on terrorism so sometimes he doesn't necessarily take joy in other people being killed but also he kind of has to do it there's a way in which different sectors of society might view this as highly debatable or as a。 说话人A 12:01 completely justified act given that we were in a military 说话人A 12:07 so now i like us to just split into two major groups and i'm going to hand out some whiteboards and what i would like you guys to do is to brainstorm as many rules as you can think of that you disagree with as well as you don't have to write this down but why do you disagree with them and in some cases due to standards differ so i'm gonna hand out to markers and so this half of the room actually we're a little bit embarrassed here so this half of the room ultimately group are。 说话人A 12:34 on this side and everyone to this side is on this side 说话人B 12:41 so you guys are on your left and you guys are on the right 说话人B 12:51 不知道，我刚才发的。我今天下午要去打车。 说话人B 12:58 打哪？ 说话人B 12:59 纯精神。 说话人B 13:01 加油。 说话人B 13:02 没事根本不用怕，我先打个。 说话人B 13:05 这样，好的。 说话人B 13:16 sorry for the confusion and then you were also in this class 说话人B 13:18 ok。 说话人B 13:19 i know it said to the right of you 说话人B 13:21 i got it 说话人B 13:23 yes so what are just brainstorm as many as you can think of examples of rules that you disagree with or standards that prefer depending on 说话人B 13:31 我已经打过8个城了。 说话人A 13:54 you guys don't the whole group does not have to agree on it the whole group does not have to agree on which rules they disagree as long as one person disagrees with it it counts 说话人A 14:22 萨基巴拉已经溜走了。 说话人A 14:24 对的。 说话人A 14:26 更巴拉的人根本没来。 说话人A 14:37 来，我们来看一看。 说话人A 14:46 好长。还是长的裙子。 说话人B 14:49 哎，中国觉得人该结婚生子，这个我就不同。 说话人A 14:52 我也觉得。 说话人A 15:07 哦，要写一下上去。 说话人A 15:09 嗯。 说话人A 15:10 那就 marriage，中国还不同意同性恋。 说话人A 15:22 还有隔壁那个阿富汗不是不同意妇女上学吗？这个我也不懂。 说话人A 15:25 这个确实很傻。 说话人A 15:27 太他妈。 说话人B 15:27 傻了。 说话人B 15:28 还有伊朗有些现在也开始了。 说话人B 15:30 是吗？ 说话人B 15:31 嗯。 说话人A 15:37 我要查一查这个词怎么写，来形容。 说话人A 15:52 it's gonna include stuff like we should we should be able to gopless on beaches regardless of gender or like we should have bedrooms separated by gender 说话人A 16:23 也不是说必须的。 说话人A 16:45 嗯，行。 说话人A 17:11 喂， 说话人A 17:12 是。 说话人A 17:29 ivan 说话人A 17:29 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 17:38 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 17:42 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 17:46 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 17:48 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 17:49 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 17:50 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 17:51 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 17:54 ivan can we start the meeting now 说话人A 18:04 因为，我可以有个。 说话人A 18:07 是啊。 说话人A 18:32 can also include informal rules that are not written down anywhere but still apply such as not being able to wear say open toed sandals to a formal job interview or like why can't i wear gym shorts to a job interview stuff like that is also etiquette 说话人A 18:59 有志愿者训练。 说话人A 19:08 对。 说话人A 19:14 哦，我知道了。 说话人A 19:23 他们也没有服务。 说话人A 19:58 enjoy 说话人A 20:01 and there was not that it's coming back to me where it is they had like red red uh so 说话人A 20:12 all right guys thirty seconds to wrap up stay in your groups 说话人A 20:21 yeah 说话人A 20:21 and also write your names onto the board 说话人A 20:34 就这个。 说话人A 20:43 对。 说话人A 21:00 at least three days 说话人A 21:03 3 days 说话人A 21:05 but like the rules that you have to 说话人A 21:12 so like imagine you all have it like all the time 说话人A 21:29 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:29 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:30 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:30 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:32 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:32 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:32 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:32 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:32 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:33 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:34 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:34 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:35 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:36 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:36 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:36 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:36 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:36 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:36 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:37 Ivan Smith。Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:39 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:39 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:39 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:39 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:40 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:40 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:40 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:41 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:41 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:41 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:41 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:42 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:43 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:43 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:43 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:43 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:44 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:44 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:45 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:45 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:45 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:45 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:46 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:46 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:47 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:47 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:47 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:47 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:47 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:47 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:48 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:48 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:48 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:48 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:49 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:49 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:50 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:51 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:52 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:53 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:53 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:53 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:54 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:54 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:54 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:55 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:56 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:56 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 21:59 Ivan Smith。 说话人A 22:11 备注一下儿。 说话人A 22:19 did you guys say what did you guys think they could send higher prices 说话人A 22:24 yeah higher prices 说话人A 22:25 i think it should be higher i mean the price of agriculture 说话人A 22:28 not the government orders 说话人A 22:33 we're not allowed to have 说话人A 22:42 it's fourteen 说话人A 22:46 你英语差，play better games。 说话人A 22:48 你说你英语差，play better games。 说话人A 23:01 oh clearly 说话人A 23:11 就是在罗森里面赚钱，他会问你你值班几点，为什么是这个时间？ 说话人A 23:43 when you're writing your name can you guys use the black marker instead so it's more visible 说话人A 23:47 sure 说话人A 23:49 it's okay i can see the names that are already written it's just like it runs out successfully as we go along 说话人A 24:14 啊， 说话人A 24:16 哈哈哈。 说话人A 24:22 you guys stay in your groups a little while longer but give a brief tour of what we have to the other parts of campus 说话人A 24:33 alright let's start with this room over here 说话人A 24:35 直接问下chatgpt吧。 说话人A 24:36 some of the rules that you do not obey to 说话人A 24:38 我记得网络上就是有说那个要把未成年人上网时年龄改到18岁。然后是，我已经20了。 说话人A 24:46 关我屁事，支持支持。游戏里面少点坑。 说话人A 24:51 他一般强的都是小学生。 说话人A 24:53 嗯。 说话人B 24:54 小辣条。 说话人B 24:55 嗯。 说话人B 24:58 不是你想，提升到18岁，那高中生，高中生的这是精力和反应能力都都在线的时候，你把他们给带了，相对于游戏里面少了强力的对手。 说话人B 25:08 说的太有道理了。 说话人B 25:10 16到18岁之间。 说话人B 25:13 那还算比较好。 说话人B 25:14 但是如果一方比另一方年长4岁以上，会被法律直接定义定义为。 说话人A 25:20 那挺好，中国应该加个这个。 说话人A 25:56 这是为啥？ 说话人A 25:57 然后中国人觉得打游戏比做爱更恐怖。 说话人B 26:00 做爱又不影响学习，打游戏影响。 说话人A 26:02 真的做爱不影响学习？ 说话人B 26:04 做完做完之后心情好了，更专心了。 说话人A 26:08 打游戏心情好了也可。 说话人A 26:10 就觉得不行，分散注意力。 说话人B 26:12 哦，可能是因为这样，do的话，它不能随时随地就do，然后也也不可能说一天来好多。 说话人A 26:17 次，对吧？ 说话人B 26:18 然后还得特定场合，那你剩下时间不能do，你就心情好了，专心学习，游戏你想玩。 说话人A 26:23 就玩。 说话人B 26:34 其实还更想取消军训。 说话人A 26:40 服从性测试。 说话人A 27:01 诶，你还是要去拿一个，抓紧时间。 说话人A 27:15 it's it's sometimes because we also have other people in our neighborhood 说话人A 27:24 so great points about here we see like there's a lot of laws of informal rules and then there's also legal restrictions such as like a minimum wage and often times like we don't necessarily agree with them but sometimes if you have it fine as some people would argue if there is a fine for something you're essentially saying that you can pay for the privilege of doing it anyways so does it necessarily the same rules will necessarily apply the same ways to all populations so great what about over here what are some of the things。 说话人A 27:53 that came up 说话人A 27:55 what stood out to you guys the most 说话人A 27:59 well a couple of things that stood out was drinking age should be lower it's lower pretty much everywhere else in the world 说话人A 28:08 you can join the military before you can drink 说话人A 28:11 Exactly yeah we also included like limited meal swipes at. 说话人B 28:15 F and m there's like a rule where you can only get a certain amount of meal swipes. 说话人A 28:21 Per like section of the day. 说话人A 28:28 然后有其他事情，比如免费医疗，美国嗯。 说话人A 28:35 我们也包括最低工资，应该更高的，有些州和地区。 说话人A 28:43 然后有手机封禁，纽约的公立学校，我觉得德克萨斯也有。 说话人A 28:48 他们也不让带手机。 说话人A 28:50 嗯。 说话人A 28:50 他们也有手机封禁。 说话人A 28:53 哦。 说话人A 28:53 是吗？他们也有。 说话人A 29:12 so we see like some structural things such as military training and healthcare and also some like rules that are just within the scope of institutions but nonetheless they have this very significant impact on our lives 说话人A 29:32 so really the rules that we disagree with can be extremely arbitrary just as rules themselves are private arbiters like why do we have upside-down traffic lights so things like as small as that to like why do we have a lower age of consent for sex than we have for drinking ages and driving ages and sometimes like child marriage going on at the same time child marriage is still legal in 说话人A 29:36 several states across the United States as well as the rest of the world so these are great examples alright do as everyone's names up things alright great i'm going to take a picture of these later but for now everyone can go back to their seats 说话人A 29:54 你看美国那么老开放，性同意年龄都是16岁，咱们中国那么封建，性同意年龄14岁。我去。 说话人B 30:03 可能就是封建社会，14岁已经。 说话人A 30:05 结婚生孩子了。 说话人A 30:12 it's actually been considered socially deviant but legally allowable for a pretty long time 说话人A 30:46 there was one case i think of almost about a century back where parents ended up at a basically selling their daughter off in marriage to a man who was mysterious and so the girl was eleven and of course like it was considered a pretty unsavory thing to do even at the standards of the time but the thing is when advocates wanted to help her get a divorce the judge essentially said i'm not going to grant the divorce i'm not going to annul this marriage because the girl's parents already proved that they were going to。 说话人A 30:51 sell her off if she also gets divorced from this man she's basically going to become homeless 说话人A 31:22 so she stayed with this guy and eventually had like i believe over ten children because she began at a very young age so it was this is not very much something that has been going on for a very long time and it has been considered unsavory for as long and yet there's a way in which certain things remain that legal and certain things don't so Marijuana is not necessarily legal in Pennsylvania for recreational use it's entirely legal once you cross over to new York 说话人A 31:23 four to boston 说话人A 31:24 in fact you can get like multiple dispensaries within like three or four blocks 说话人A 31:29 and yet like a lot of people actually support the criminalization of marijuana there's ways in which legislators don't always do what like their constituents want and there's a lot of ways in which that is tied into various different forms of economic interest but also concerns about public safety 说话人A 31:52 also like something kind of interesting that i saw yesterday in your justice system i thought they were trying to pass a law but like it meant to do similar things and like the judges like it's just kind of crazy to me like the people that can pass laws and like have a big impact they're like a lot of people it's just amazing but yeah there's other countries too not just the us that's really sad and i feel like it's just a cultural thing so in the us it might not look cultural 说话人A 32:37 i don't know what's the reason in Europe but i feel like countries like west Africa when i was looking at s-uh- sentinel i feel like that's a cultural thing so i wonder like what's the reason if it's a cultural thing 说话人A 32:57 so there are cultural factors some highly Christian families are like either be anesthetized or get married to do so and so in some cases that can end up being like a teenage girl marrying a significantly older male partner but in some countries it can also be cultural one other thing to consider with child marriage is the role of conflict 说话人A 32:58 so does anyone know about Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar the Rohingya crisis refugees of refugees so essentially this is a population of Muslim people who are living in Myanmar which is a country in southeast Asia that is predominantly buddhist so in this country like they would argue that the Rohingya Muslims were actually brought there by the British empire as laborers they were originally from Bangladesh 说话人A 33:30 and so the government has been trying to undergo what we call ethnic cleansing which is very try to remove by force violence or by legal means the population of a country usually of a very specific ethnic group and often is to preserve a certain ethnic and racial makeup within the country so this has included like the murder and burning of villages by the actual military so the military is going in and setting fire to villages and also raping women 说话人A 34:01 as a scare tactic because often like it's going to be harder for you to justify staying in a place if you can't protect your underage daughter if you can't protect your wife and your family and so on and so forth and so what this has resulted in is that a huge amount of this population has fled to other countries a lot of them have ended up in Thailand where some of them have been living in refugee camps of up to like ten ten or twenty thousand people for years on end and。 说话人A 34:32 what happens in these refugee camps is that child marriage has become a lot more common 说话人A 34:37 than if they were living in America a lot of times parents are not just willfully sending their daughters off they're eagerly sending their daughters into marriages with men who are a lot older than them so this can be like girls as young as eleven or twelve marrying men in their twenties and their thirties things that by our standards might seem like absolutely incomprehensible why any parent might want to do this to their kid but there's a concern about who's gonna feed this girl if we have multiple children is this man who。 说话人A 35:09 is single and has no 说话人A 35:11 is that going to be better for this girl 说话人A 35:17 what's also sad like how i think about it is like the child like the girl that's getting sent off from their parents i feel like it's like generation like that one like they have kids like their mothers and the parents are gonna do that to that child just keeps going 说话人A 35:35 great point especially since they're getting married younger they're more likely to have more children if they're unable to leave the refugee camp 说话人A 35:42 what are they going to how are they going to raise their children in very circumstances where they have very limited resources what's likely to happen is that this young mother will eventually probably end up marrying her daughter at pretty young ages so there's a way in which we have structural levels the social factors at the structural level can interact with interpersonal dynamics of what is considered normal and also like what roles are in place which roles are deliberately ignored 说话人A 36:15 what's considered to be reasonable what's considered to be best for a young girl to live in a family where she might start or to marry a guy at a very young age 说话人A 36:31 can be connected to what we call social construction of genius we've talked about the different rules that we see here and we don't necessarily agree with all of them for example the minimum wage can differ across state lines you can be earning less than seven dollars in one place cross the state line and you could be earning fifteen sixteen even close to seventeen if you're looking at New York and Boston 说话人A 36:58 for the social constructionist approach it's different from the structural functionalist approach in that structural functionalism is essentially looking primarily at structural resources 说话人A 37:09 in the role that deviance plays in our society social construction argues that really how we come to think of deviance as deviance and how we come to act in deviant ways depends on the society around us and how they then construct certain narratives 说话人A 37:28 two major approaches to take into mind here one is differential association it's very similar to opportunity here in that we are looking at the fact that whether or not you have access to similar peer groups where these things are considered 说话人A 37:44 or where you can actually learn to do this that is going to be very influential in whether or not you yourself then actually engage in this there's also control theory which argues that it's really our social bonds that get us to follow certain social norms and just having either weak social connections or having different circumstances as we can see depending on where you are located standards for what is considered the social norm can really differ and these things that really lead to what we consider deviance 说话人A 38:22 another approach is labels here so this is more or less looking at the power of definitions and it argues that what we consider deviance is not about the act itself it's more about the labels that we choose to put on it in other words the reaction rather than the action so who gets labeled as deviant and this can include labels such as who is considered valid who is considered honorable discharge versus dishonorable discharge they were not considered mentally ill or like so on and so forth 说话人A 38:54 more informal reasons 说话人A 38:56 so we can see there's a lot of ways in our society that we differentiate between deviant and nondeviant behaviors that don't necessarily come with certain legal status 说话人A 39:05 so whether or not a child is just like rambunctious and like very energetic or are they a bad kid is someone just like a recreational marijuana user or are they a pothead is this person just like to have fun or are they a party animal is someone a delinquent is someone a slacker and of course a more gendered term is like slutty behavior this is primarily applied to women but we also see in some circles it can also be applied to men 说话人A 39:35 so are you just someone who is in touch with your sexuality or are you considered slutty 说话人A 39:42 and do you argue in sociological theory that social labels are what contributes to our self identity and the level of our conformity 说话人A 39:49 so are you a bad parent who's marrying your child into child marriage or are you someone who is doing the best you can for your family under desperate circumstances it really depends on framing how you're then treated as like someone who should deserve social shame and stigmatization or someone who receives sympathy and support may then shape your subsequent behavior 说话人A 40:14 first it's a question of who actually gets to do the labeling for this thinking back to the marijuana 说话人A 40:22 so today we were reading better becoming an marijuana 说话人A 40:25 and so just a few questions that are like us to answer together as we do 说话人A 40:31 what's the author's argument why do people continue to use marijuana compared to other drugs even such as like alcohol or opioids it's not as addictive but the users tend to continue using so thinking back to the reading what are some reasons this might be the case 说话人A 40:56 16th 说话人A 40:59 uh several examples for was like social influence so like if the person gonna like the first time they smoke is all their friends enjoying it and after multiple times of they could try or you like take on breakers so 说话人A 41:21 ok so here we have social influence of who is around you and how their experience with me 说话人A 41:33 所以说。 说话人A 41:34 大部分时间，当你说，哦，你不喝，或者哦，你不抽。 说话人A 41:41 很多时候在，尤其是，像，嗯，大部分在，公司。 说话人A 41:54 they're not up to date so then that kind of puts some other 说话人A 42:31 so you also see like role of peer pressure like someone who doesn't drink at parties and everyone else is drunk they might be like why are you so uptight can't you just loosen up take it relax a bit it's not gonna kill you it's just alcohol right so things like that can also shape our interactions with various substances and so now thinking a little bit about to actually break it down things that we have talked about in the meeting what happens if you try marijuana for the first time and nothing happens 说话人A 42:43 i think you either become uninterested or you try again 说话人A 43:12 hmm and so like you either sometimes you become entirely uninterested at all i think well this doesn't do anything it's a waste of my money especially we're thinking back to the days in which marijuana was illegal in a lot of parts so you have to spend a lot more money to buy it but also sometimes depending on who your dealer is right and whether or not they teach you to understand the various sensations that you're experiencing that might influence whether or not you end up trying again and what。 说话人A 43:15 about if you don't recognize the effects of a given high 说话人A 43:27 呃。 说话人A 43:28 人们。 说话人A 43:56 so there's definitely like both extremities where the effects too strong or you don't feel anything and of course there's also like if you are bit again someone who can teach you to understand what the effects actually are like am i just having a heart attack or is this just a good effect 说话人A 44:05 similarly how do Mary Jane users enjoy the effects of getting high and what happens if they don't 说话人A 44:42 end up seeing a very similar pattern are you with someone who can basically talk you into enjoying yourself if you're with a more experienced marijuana user they might go no no relax just let that gonna go into your lungs and it's split it out this way and you'll start feeling better in just a few more seconds versus if you are completely just doing it by yourself you're just like going in and it's really alone you might be like wow maybe i should call an ambulance so really depending。 说话人A 44:43 on your social circumstances 说话人A 45:18 can see from this reading is that drug use really can be a very learned phenomenon we engage in it because of certain social circumstances even if we don't necessarily have peers right around us who are encouraging it sometimes we see things and hear things on social media from like the media peer groups that seem to give us a certain impression of what getting stoned can look like and how to actually go about doing it some people would argue that certain drug prevention programs especially around the time around two thousand to。 说话人A 45:23 two thousand and six there were a lot of drug promotion programs drug prevention programs 说话人A 45:53 that ended up serving as drug promotion programs kids definitely do not go get marijuana but you would have to go find from a street dealer so here are things to watch out for if you do not want to run into a drug dealer on the street so it can be useful for avoiding it but it can also be useful for actually knowing what you're seeing in the neighborhoods around you so there is ways in which these behaviors are learned better to do positive or in some cases even negative influences whether。 说话人A 45:55 it's being encouraged or discouraged 说话人A 46:09 can see this through the Thomas theorem this is proposed by Thomas in nineteen and twenty eight and they argue that if men define situations as real they are real in their consequences 说话人A 46:29 so one example of this is that when you label something or someone as deviant it can end up being a self-fulfilling prophecy so say like two kids are fighting in school they give each other black eye and like they have a nosebleed how this is viewed really depends on where they end up 说话人A 46:56 you get sent to the principal's office where you might be asked to write a brief essay on the fighting on the bus she can't make up and that's it we're starting to send to the police so are you just this like a slightly rebellious fast-paced a mild troublemaker or are you a juvenile delinquent and so if someone is labeled a juvenile delinquent then how more ways that might affect them 说话人A 47:19 so it might influence how they see themselves it might also influence how other people interact with them 说话人A 47:27 for example a parent might be OK with their kid playing with someone who's slightly mischievous or like the class clown 说话人A 47:31 they're probably not OK with their kid playing with a convicted juvenile criminal 说话人A 47:45 similarly having this on your public record can then shape like is this child eligible for entering certain programs certain sports teams and like does that impact which good schools or bad schools they then go to 说话人A 47:50 so this is ways in which a small branch in how we decide to treat a situation 说话人A 47:59 previously reinforced itself until the effects become much more pronounced so has anyone heard of school to prison pipeline 说话人A 48:23 maybe not it used to be more in the news a few years back but we were essentially looking at when we first started using police officers as school resource officers there was a huge concern that if we were just arresting slightly troublesome children how does that shape your lives in the long run cause someone who has something on their record if they get 说话人A 48:29 the judge might not be as lenient on them as someone who is a first time offender 说话人A 48:34 it can also shape him in the long run whether or not they end up in prison before they even get to age 说话人A 49:09 mention that it could be self reinforcing so once you get into trouble with the police once and everyone around you starts treating you like you have to play it's very likely that in order to gain more attention or to somehow compensate for the negative experiences they are having they may act in increasingly deviant ways to either live up to the prophecy and prove it in everyone's faces or to end up like more withdrawn and thus more likely to be vulnerable to certain negative influences especially those who are likely to 说话人A 49:17 marginalized sugar what we see here is will be called stigma 说话人A 49:56 uh Jonathan van ness from q anon show used to be popular a few years ago i see now that i have to update it a lot myself if you guys can think of anyone else that might be a good example of famous HIV positive star a famous celebrity who is HIV positive so stigma is essentially a mark of disgrace or dishonor where you have some kind of an individual characteristic that is seen as undesirable that leads to social rejection and exclusion this can include having a criminal record hence why we talk。 说话人A 49:58 about the school to prison pipeline 说话人A 50:06 where being obese can impact your employment school and also for as self reinforcing stigma 说话人A 50:29 we also have obesity so what we call fat phobia is the negative treatment and discriminatory treatment of persons who are obese in our society this can even include like whether or not doctors will take their complaints seriously sometimes we find that medical professionals treat obese individuals even worse than they treat other 说话人A 50:53 because they're viewed as less healthy and less stable lives and also hiv status being hiv positive used to be a huge stigma in our society this is slowly changing with development of better medicines but also the fact that we have more and more public figures who are hiv hiv positive and so the stigma that like just looking at them will affect you